This is a basic and practical course intended for senior undergraduate and graduate students with already strong knowledge in basic biology. Students who are interested in any fields in biology are all welcome, because all of the biological phenomena are the product of the evolution. In this course, we will focus on how the phylogenetic approach can be used to provide a meaningful interpretation of biodiversity and a comprehensive understating of history and mechanisms of evolution of our studying organisms. The course is designed for hand-on work with the empirical data. We will also use well-developed software but we do not need skills in computer programming for our practical work.